AI Disclosure

  1. General Principles

MEBIS (Manajemen dan Bisnis) recognizes that artificial intelligence (AI), including generative AI, large language models (LLMs), and AI-assisted technologies, can support academic research and scholarly publishing. The journal permits the responsible use of these technologies while maintaining scientific integrity, originality, transparency, confidentiality, and human accountability.
This policy applies to all authors, peer reviewers, editors, and editorial staff involved in the journal's publication process. It follows the principles of research integrity and publication ethics promoted by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and established international scholarly publishers.

AI technologies must support, rather than replace, human intellectual contributions, independent scientific judgment, and editorial responsibility.

  1. Use of AI by Authors

Authors may use AI-assisted tools to improve grammar, spelling, language clarity, manuscript organization, and readability. AI may also support literature exploration, data processing, and research-related activities when its application is scientifically appropriate, transparent, and adequately documented.
Authors must critically evaluate AI-generated outputs and verify the accuracy of all statements, citations, references, calculations, and interpretations.

The following practices are prohibited:
1. Presenting AI-generated content as original research without appropriate intellectual verification or disclosure.
2. Fabricating or manipulating research data, statistical results, citations, references, or findings.
3. Using AI-generated references that cannot be verified against authentic scholarly sources.
4. Generating misleading research images, tables, or figures.
5. Using AI to conceal plagiarism, duplicate publication, or other forms of research misconduct.
6. Submitting confidential, personal, or restricted research data to AI services without appropriate authorization and safeguards.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, validity, and ethical compliance of their manuscripts, including any content developed with AI assistance.

  1. AI Authorship and Accountability

AI tools, including ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Microsoft Copilot, and similar systems, cannot be listed as authors or co-authors.
Authorship requires intellectual accountability, approval of the final manuscript, responsibility for research integrity, and the ability to address questions concerning the published work. These responsibilities belong to human authors.
Every listed author must approve the final manuscript and accept responsibility for its scientific content, regardless of whether AI-assisted technologies were used during its preparation.

  1. Disclosure of AI Use

Authors must disclose substantive use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies in manuscript preparation.
The disclosure must identify the AI tool, explain its purpose, and describe how the authors verified and revised the generated content.
Authors should include a separate section titled "Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies" before the reference list.

The recommended disclosure statement is:
"During the preparation of this manuscript, the author(s) used [AI Tool Name and Version, if available] for [specific purpose]. The author(s) reviewed, verified, and revised the resulting content and accept full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the manuscript."

Basic spelling, punctuation, and conventional grammar checks do not require a separate declaration unless the tool makes substantive changes to the manuscript's content or structure.
When AI is used for data collection, coding, data analysis, statistical modeling, or other research procedures, authors must describe its role in the Methods section. This description should include sufficient technical information to support methodological transparency and reproducibility.

If no generative AI tools were used, authors may include the statement:
"The authors declare that no generative AI or AI-assisted technologies were used in the preparation of this manuscript."

  1. Use of AI in Research Data, Analysis, and Visual Materials

Authors who use AI-based methods to generate, process, classify, transform, or analyze research data must describe these procedures in the Methods section.
The description should identify the technology or model used, its analytical function, relevant configuration or settings, validation procedures, and limitations where applicable.
AI-generated or synthetic datasets must be clearly identified. Authors must not present synthetic observations as independently collected empirical data.
AI-generated tables, figures, or illustrations must accurately represent the underlying research and must not mislead readers. The journal may request supporting data, original materials, or methodological documentation when necessary to verify scientific integrity.

  1. Use of AI by Peer Reviewers

Peer reviewers must conduct scientific evaluations independently and maintain the confidentiality of all submitted manuscripts.
Reviewers must not upload unpublished manuscripts, abstracts, tables, figures, supplementary files, or confidential editorial communications to public or third-party generative AI services.
Reviewers may use AI tools for general language assistance or background research that does not involve sharing confidential manuscript information. Any substantive AI assistance must be disclosed to the handling editor.
AI-generated evaluations must not replace the reviewer's independent assessment of methodology, originality, analytical validity, scientific contribution, and research ethics.
Reviewers remain fully accountable for the accuracy, fairness, and integrity of their review reports.

  1. Use of AI by Editors and Editorial Staff

Editors may use appropriately secured AI-assisted tools to support administrative tasks, language editing, literature exploration, and preliminary research-integrity screening.
Editors must not upload confidential submitted manuscripts or related editorial materials to unauthorized external AI services.
AI-generated assessments, similarity indicators, or automated recommendations must not serve as the sole basis for acceptance, rejection, or allegations of research misconduct.
All editorial decisions must involve independent human evaluation, relevant reviewer assessments, and the journal's established publication standards.

  1. AI Detection and Research Integrity Assessment

MEBIS (Manajemen dan Bisnis) recognizes that AI detection technologies have limitations in distinguishing AI-generated content from human-written academic manuscripts. Therefore, the journal does not establish a fixed percentage threshold for AI-generated content.
AI detection scores, including those produced by Turnitin or similar tools, serve only as preliminary screening indicators and do not constitute independent evidence of research misconduct.
The editorial team evaluates manuscripts based on originality, scientific accuracy, methodological validity, transparency of AI usage, and compliance with publication ethics.
When AI detection results raise concerns about the authenticity or integrity of a manuscript, editors may request clarification, supporting documentation, or an AI usage declaration from the authors.
Authors must remain accountable for all submitted content, regardless of the percentage reported by AI detection software.
Editorial decisions, including manuscript rejection, must not be based exclusively on automated AI detection scores. All assessments require human editorial judgment and consideration of relevant evidence.

  1. Violations and Editorial Actions

Suspected violations of this policy will be assessed individually in accordance with the journal's publication ethics procedures and relevant COPE guidance.
Depending on the nature and severity of the issue, the editorial team may request clarification, additional documentation, manuscript revision, or an explanation of AI usage.
Substantiated serious violations may result in manuscript rejection, publication correction, retraction, or referral to the relevant institution when appropriate.
Editorial actions must consider available evidence, proportionality, procedural fairness, and the author's opportunity to respond.

  1. Policy Review and Updates

MEBIS (Manajemen dan Bisnis) will periodically review this policy to reflect technological developments, emerging publication ethics concerns, and relevant scholarly publishing standards.
All authors, reviewers, and editors are expected to comply with the version of this policy applicable during manuscript submission and editorial processing.

References and Ethical Framework
1. Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Authorship and AI Tools.
2. Elsevier. Generative AI Policies for Journals.
3. Springer Nature. Artificial Intelligence Editorial Policies.
4. Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers.